The problem of translation aside, there is also the problem of how the Canon of scripture was created and the creation of a critical edition(s) of the text itself.
If you have ever translated, for example, something written in more or less modern French prose into English, you have literally thousands of books---whole libraries--- magazines, and dictionaries to consult, and you can ask several Frenchmen for help. How do you not only translate word-for-word and still capture the tone and nuance of the original author?
Then consider on the other hand (for example) translating the NT Koine Greek into modern English. One has one or two dictionaries or lexicons, and the examples to consult barely fill a small alcove in a library. And these examples of usage and word-definitions are derived from the chance survival of contemporary texts.
Confining myself to the NT, we have only contemporary reports not only of Jesus's life but also his words (Jesus himself as far as we know wrote absolutely nothing), so we are dependent on differing perspectives about his life, and the memory of his disciples about his words. I will not mention the problem of the writings of St. Paul who never even heard Jesus. And even within the compass of two generations after the death of his discliples, there was argument about what his teaching meant, and about which books of the Bible were doctrinally authentic.
Cheers,
John