What are they? Bookmarklets! Little Javascripts that you save as bookmarks in your browser. Practically anything that can be done to a page with javascript can be done by a well-crafted bookmarklet. Those of you familiar with the Greasemonkey addon for Mozilla know this fact well.
Visit http://www.bookmarklets.com/tools/categor.html for a large list of bookmarklets. Most of them work in any JavaScript-enabled browser, some are specific to IE4 or Netscape Navigator (which tells you how old this page is!), and one or two just didn't work for me at all.